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Title
A name given to the resource
Troughton & Simms universal transit telescope
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright Michael Svec
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
image/jpg
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Telescopes
Description
An account of the resource
Telescopes are the eyes on the universe and an observatory typically has a variety of telescopes, some permanently mounted other portable. Telescopes can be designed for specific purposes such as measuring the position of a star or for taking photographs. Telescopes are also designed for different audiences including students and the researchers. The Observatory contains a variety of telescopes gathered over the years serving a variety of uses.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Department of Astronomy
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
2-inch altitude-azimuth universal telescope
Subject
The topic of the resource
Astronomy
Navigation
Surveying
Measuring instrument
Optical instrument
Description
An account of the resource
Wood, metal, glass
Stored in 2 large wooden boxes (22 ¼ x 12 ½ x 14 ¼ and 22 x 22 ½ x 17 inches). Transit consists of base with three leveling screws, telescope, striding level, 3 eyepieces, several lens caps for the eye pieces and an objective light shield. Silver vernier scales are tarnished, brass reading microscopes and micrometers are pitted in places, black paint on telescope tube also pitted. Three spirit levels on base (two perpendicular to telescope one parallel) all functional. Inscribed “Troughton and Simms London” on the support for the horizontal tangent screw and “obs 62” on base by the reading microscope A.
Myers’ description of the instrument: "This instrument was made by Troughton and Simms, has an aperture of 2-inches and a focal length of 20-inches. Its horizontal and vertical circles are each 12-inches in diameter, graduated on silver to 5 minutes and read by two reading microscopes to single seconds. Tenths of seconds are readily estimated. It is provided with both fine and coarse levels for adjustment to place, an accurate striding level, and a very complete set of eyepieces. The reticle consists of nine vertical and three horizontal cross hairs, illuminated by a lamp at the end of the axis. Both vertical and horizontal circles shift for position, this instrument being the first to have a shifting vertical and among the first to have a shifting horizontal circle."
Article describing the theodolite from 1882: “A theodolite, constructed by Troughton & Simms, of London, at a cost of about $700, has been added to the equipment of the Civil Engineering Department. It is an ‘Altitude and Azimuth’ or ‘Universal’ instrument; that is, both vertical and horizontal angles can be read with it. It is the finest and best form of the most accurate engineering instrument that has, as yet been made, having all the most modern improvements. The two circles - the most important part of the instrument - are twelve-inches in diameter and graduated to five-minute divisions. Upon each, the further reading is effected by the help of two micrometers and verniers, directly to seconds; each circle may be shifted between sets of observations, and by thus reading the angle on different parts of it, any error in the graduation is thus eliminated. The telescope is superior to either of the two now in the Observatory. It was intended to mount the theodolite permanently in the Observatory with the other instruments, but the manufacturers have send a tripod, and now the instrument may be used at any point desired.
“The money, with which to buy this instrument, was appropriated in 1871, but when taxes were abated in Chicago, after the fire, the appropriation for the new building was cut off, and this money was used in its place. In 1873, another appropriation was made, but for some reason the matter was dropped until last May, when a third appropriation was made. In July an order for the instrument was send to London, and it was completed and shipped about January 1, of this year. The theodolite is to be used in the classes in Geodesy and Practical Astronomy."
This instrument was used to observe the December 6, 1882 transit of Venus across the Sun.
A 1954 survey of the instruments by J.W. Fecker Inc. noted “This instrument is in poor condition as a result of extreme neglect and many small parts appear to be missing. The considerable expense involved in reconditioning this unit might be inadvisable unless an immediate need existed for the instrument. We suggest that no reconditioning be undertaken in the absence of such need. We do recommend that the instrument be carefully reconditioned as to finish only by interested and capable students and then used temporarily as an exhibit item in the observatory entrance foyer.”
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Troughton & Simms, London
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Myers, G.W. (1898) The Astronomical Observatory. Technograph. 11: 105-111.
The New Theodolite. April 1, 1882, The Illini, p. 10.
Transit of Venus. December 9, 1882. The Illini, p. 8.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Astronomy Department, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1883
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Michael Svec
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright Michael Svec
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
image/jpg
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
physical object
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
University of Illinois Observatory Collection A113
University ID 016648, obs 62
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
University of Illinois Observatory, Urbana, Illinois
transit telescope
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Transit telescope
Description
An account of the resource
Photograph from about 1910 of the 3-inch transit telescope in the east central transit room.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
1910
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Combined transit and zenith telescope
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright Michael Svec
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
image/jpg
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ccfe8edc41d6b3d6ab180f356d5a5120
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Telescopes
Description
An account of the resource
Telescopes are the eyes on the universe and an observatory typically has a variety of telescopes, some permanently mounted other portable. Telescopes can be designed for specific purposes such as measuring the position of a star or for taking photographs. Telescopes are also designed for different audiences including students and the researchers. The Observatory contains a variety of telescopes gathered over the years serving a variety of uses.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Department of Astronomy
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
3-inch combined transit and zenith telescope
Subject
The topic of the resource
Astronomy
Optical instrument
Measuring instrument
Navigation
Surveying
Description
An account of the resource
Metal, glass
The principle transit circle was a 3-inch Combined Transit and Zenith telescope designed by Warner & Swasey especially for Illinois. The objective, by John Brashear, was held in place by a special cell that compensated for the different temperature conductivities of the brass and glass so that temperature had no effect on the location or separation of the lenses. Designated as model M-505, the transit includes a handing level, micrometer with a reticle contained a series of 5-3-5-3-5 parallel lines etched onto glass, and a built in reversing mechanism. This transit was located in the east-central transit room allowing direct access to the clock room through a small window. A basin of mercury (mercury now removed) in the base of the transit was used for vertical collimation and nadir observations. Marked with a Warner & Swasey plaque and a smaller J.W. Fecker plate added after the April-June 1953 restoration.
The transit circle was capable of determining both right ascension and declination. Installed February 20th 1897 and dismounted in 1974 because of the condition of the roof and shutter. The instrument cost $1200, and was the first of five 3" combined transit and zenith telescopes. Additional M-505 were built for Park College (1897), Warner & Swasey Observatory at Case Western Reserve University (1898), Lafayette College in Easton PA (1906) and the Elgin Watch Company in Illinois (1909). The Park College telescope was stolen in the late 1980s and the observatory no longer exists. The Traill Observatory at Lafayette College was torn down in 1929 and Warner & Swasey Observatory in Cleveland is abandoned. The transit was featured in Warner and Swasey’s 1900 portfolio “A Few Astronomical Instruments.”
Myers’ description of the instrument: "The combined transit and zenith telescope has a Brashear objective of three inches diameter and a focal length of 37 inches. It has two graduated circles, one of 12.5 inches diameter, graduated to half degrees and read by verniers to minutes, and the other of 12 inches diameter, graduated to 10 minutes and read by verniers to 10 seconds. Delicate striding and zenith telescope levels, together with a micrometer that may be used either in right ascension or declination render the instrument capable of yielding very excellent data whether used as a transit instrument or as a zenith telescope.
“The larger part of the weight of the horizontal axis, which by reason of its system of circles, levels, etc., is subject to considerable flexure, is borne by a pair of friction rollers, held by springs against cylindrical bearings at either end and about 2 ½-inches within the pivots. Only enough weight is allowed to come upon the pivots to make them rest firmly in the wyes.
“By suitable combination consisting of a level, a graduated circle and a reversing apparatus the west pivot may be brought into the east wye and the instrument reset upon the same star with extreme quickness and perfect safety. In addition to the above mentioned facilities, the instrument is supplied with a mercurial horizon, a complete set of eye pieces, including a collimating and a zenith eye piece. All in all, this instrument leaves little to be desired in either point of convenience or of completeness."
One of Warner & Swasey’s most important achievements was the construction of a Dividing Engine in 1880 for automatically graduating circles of 40-inch or less in diameter. The greatest errors made by this machine were less than one second or arc. This instrument was used to make the vernier scales for all of their telescopes and transit telescopes including both the Illinois transit and equatorial. Warner & Swasey built a 6-inch transit circle for the U.S. Naval Observatory in 1898 and remained a premier astrometry instrument for almost a century.
C.M. Huffer remembered using the transit in the course Practical Astronomy about 1916 for the determination of time and position. Astronomy club president F. Samuel Bauer remembers that in 1962 "Equinoxes were a special time for students, in that they were celebrated by timing them. Using the transit instrument, an ad hoc group would fire up the shortwave radio in the timing room and get the ink flowing on the chronograph, with the WWV signal providing timing blips. Other members would use the transit telescope to time the passage of a chosen star to determine the exact time of the equinox sending 'wire crosses' to the chronograph pen by telegraph key."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner & Swasey Company
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Warner & Swasey. (1900). A few astronomical instruments. From the works of Warner & Swasey, Cleveland, Ohio. Warner & Swasey: Cleveland.
Myers, G.W. (1898) The Astronomical Observatory. Technograph. 11: 105-111.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Astronomy Department, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1896
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Michael Svec
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright Michael Svec
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
image/jpg
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
physical object
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
University of Illinois Observatory Collection, A110
University ID 016647
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
University of Illinois Observatory, Urbana, Illinois
transit telescope